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Seismic performance of moment resisting steel frame subjected to earthquake excitations

Fadzli M. NAZRI, Pang Yew KEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 19-25 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0240-3

摘要： This study presents static and dynamic assessments on the steel structures. Pushover analysis (POA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) were run on moment resisting steel frames. The IDA study involves successive scaling and application of each accelerogram followed by assessment of the maximum response. Steel frames are subjected to nonlinear inelastic time history analysis for 14 different scaled ground motions, 7 near field and 7 far field. The results obtained from POA on the 3, 6 and 9 storey steel frames show consistent results for both uniform and triangular lateral loading. Uniform loading shows that the steel frames exhibits higher base shear than the triangular loading. The IDA results show that the far field ground motions has caused all steel frame design within the research to collapse while near field ground motion only caused some steel frames to collapse. The POA can be used to estimate the performance-based-seismic-design (PBSD) limit states of the steel frames with consistency while the IDA seems to be quite inconsistent. It is concluded that the POA can be consistently used to estimate the limit states of steel frames while limit state estimations from IDA requires carefully selected ground motions with considerations of important parameters.

关键词： incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) pushover analysis performance-based seismic design

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Performance-based and performance-driven architectural design and optimization

Xing SHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 512-518 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0090-6

摘要： As the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is marching into the sustainable and low-carbon era, the performance of architecture has drawn more attention than ever. Simulation technology has made quantified analysis of architectural performance possible and, therefore, directly enables architects and engineers to incorporate performance analysis into the design work flow. It is argued that performance-based and performance-driven architectural designs differ in that the latter involves computer-aided optimization technique so that the performance can be used as the criteria to truly “drive” the design. The paper starts with a brief introduction of performance issues in architectural design, followed by a review of the evolution of performance-based architectural design. The concept of performance-driven architectural design is presented, and some design projects and research work are reviewed. The driving engine, i.e., optimization technique, and its application in architectural design is discussed. Challenges to making performance-driven design a common practice are explained, and a schematic of integrated performance-based/driven architectural design software is proposed.

关键词： performance optimization architectural design simulation sustainability

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Topology optimization and seismic collapse assessment of shape memory alloy (SMA)-braced frames: Effectivenessof Fe-based SMAs

Aydin HASSANZADEH; Saber MORADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 281-301 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0807-3

摘要： This paper presents a seismic topology optimization study of steel braced frames with shape memory alloy (SMA) braces. Optimal SMA-braced frames (SMA-BFs) with either Fe-based SMA or NiTi braces are determined in a performance-based seismic design context. The topology optimization is performed on 5- and 10-story SMA-BFs considering the placement, length, and cross-sectional area of SMA bracing members. Geometric, strength, and performance-based design constraints are considered in the optimization. The seismic response and collapse safety of topologically optimal SMA-BFs are assessed according to the FEMA P695 methodology. A comparative study on the optimal SMA-BFs is also presented in terms of total relative cost, collapse capacity, and peak and residual story drift. The results demonstrate that Fe-based SMA-BFs exhibit higher collapse capacity and more uniform distribution of lateral displacement over the frame height while being more cost-effective than NiTi braced frames. In addition to a lower unit price compared to NiTi, Fe-based SMAs reduce SMA material usage. In frames with Fe-based SMA braces, the SMA usage is reduced by up to 80%. The results highlight the need for using SMAs with larger recoverable strains.

关键词： topology optimization shape memory alloy Fe-based SMA steel braced frames performance-based seismic design collapse assessment

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核电站核安全相关结构基于性能指标的抗震概率设计评估方法探究

陈矛,卢实

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 57-61

摘要：

本文介绍了美国核电站基于性能指标的核安全相关抗震概率设计方法（performance-based method，PBM）的发展，较为系统地对

关键词：核电厂核安全系统、结构及部件基于性能抗震概率极限值

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Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges seismic behavior modal properties pulse-like records nonlinear time history analysis

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Life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges in China

FAN Lichu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 261-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0033-z

摘要： The idea of life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges is introduced. Based on the key components and non-key components of a bridge and the consideration of the inspectability, replaceability, reparability, controllability and retrofitability of the bridge components, different seismic design levels and expected performance objectives are suggested for the major bridges in China. The vulnerability analysis and progressive collapse analysis, as well as risk assessment, are also proposed to be the important issues to study in order to guide the seismic design of major bridges in the future.

关键词： controllability progressive reparability different important

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某奥运体育场馆排烟系统和补风系统性能化设计

付强,张和平,朱五八,谢启源

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第12期页码 21-25

摘要：

采用NFPA92B所提供的烟气控制计算公式对某奥运体育场馆的排烟量进行计算，并利用CFD数值模拟软件对排烟系统及补风系统进行优化设计，研究在该体育场馆内机械排烟，机械补风，自然补风三者之间的内在联系以及机械补风量对某馆排烟系统的影响。对该奥运体育场馆排烟系统以及补风系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。

关键词：体育馆排烟系统补风系统性能化

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性能化防火设计中火灾场景设置初步研究

徐亮,张和平,杨昀,朱五八

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第1期页码 64-67

摘要：

火灾场景的设置是性能化设计的关键步骤，重点介绍了常用的火灾增长曲线设计方法，并且以高架仓库火灾设计为例，说明了如何灵活运用火灾设计方法。

关键词：火灾场景设置火灾增长曲线热释放速率

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Self-centering steel plate shear walls for improving seismic resilience

Patricia M. CLAYTON,Daniel M. DOWDEN,Chao-Hsien LI,Jeffrey W. BERMAN,Michel BRUNEAU,Laura N. LOWES,Keh-Chuan TSAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 283-290 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0344-z

摘要： As part of a Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation research project led by researchers at the University of Washington with collaborators at University at Buffalo, and Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, a self-centering steel plate shear wall (SC-SPSW) system has been developed to achieve enhanced seismic performance objectives, including recentering. The SC-SPSW consists of thin steel infill panels, referred to as web plates that serve as the primary lateral load-resisting and energy dissipating element of the system. Post-tensioned (PT) beam-to-column connections provide system recentering capabilities. A performance-based design procedure has been developed for the SC-SPSW, and a series of nonlinear response history analyses have been conducted to verify intended seismic performance at multiple hazard levels. Quasi-static subassembly tests, quasi-static and shake table tests of scaled three-story specimens, and pseudo-dynamic tests of two full-scale two-story SC-SPSWs have been conducted. As a culmination of this multi-year, multi-institutional project, this paper will present an overview of the SC-SPSW numerical and experimental research programs. This paper will also discuss innovative PT connection and web plate designs that were investigated to improve constructability, resilience, and seismic performance and that can be applied to other self-centering and steel plate shear wall systems.

关键词： self-centering steel plate shear walls large-scale experiment post-tensioned connections performance-based design

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长大公路隧道火灾安全疏散性能化设计与分析

陈长坤,徐志胜

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第9期页码 78-83

摘要：

基于性能化防火设计方法，分析火灾条件下长大公路隧道内人员疏散行为的特点，给出隧道内人员疏散的安全判据，并结合某隧道的结构及车流特征对人员疏散过程进行了数值模拟研究，分析隧道在正常通车和局部行车堵塞时，不同火源位置、横通道间距与横通道宽度对人员疏散时间及安全状态的影响。结果表明,与建筑内人员疏散不同，长大公路隧道内火灾的可用安全疏散时间(ASET)与需要的安全疏散时间(RSET)均为沿隧道长度方向位置的函数。隧道内人员安全疏散的时间曲线在各横通道疏散口出现峰值，这主要是受到横通道通行能力的限制，各疏散口人员集聚等待所致。当隧道发生局部堵塞时，横通道口需要的安全疏散时间显著增加，危险性也急剧增大。隧道内人员疏散的性能化防火设计应综合考虑火源位置对人员载荷及疏散口位置可用安全疏散时间的影响。该研究为公路隧道火灾安全疏散设施的优化设计提供依据。

关键词：疏散火灾隧道横通道性能化防火设计

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某大型商贸中心的人员疏散性能化分析

宋卫国,于彦飞,张和平

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 78-83

摘要：

新型建筑不断涌现使得火灾安全性能化设计被广泛应用，人员疏散是其中的关键环节。结合某大型商贸中心的火灾安全性能化设计方案，利用CAFE模型分析了人员疏散性能。结果表明，由于该模型量化了人员疏散过程中人与人、人与环境之间的作用力，因此计算得到的人员疏散时间比同类软件更加保守，分析结果具有更高的可靠性。

关键词：人员疏散性能化设计元胞自动机模型

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Displacement-based seismic design of high-strength concrete frame columns

ZHANG Guojun, LIU Jianxin, LU Xilin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 93-101 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0006-x

摘要： Based on the testing results of 108 high-strength concrete columns under constant axial loading and horizontal cyclic loading, the relations between the drift ratio at yield, the maximum displacement drift, the limiting displacement drift, the ductility ratio of testing columns and shear span-to-depth ratio, axial compression ratio, confining reinforcement characteristic values, the ratio of cover area to confined core area as well as longitudinal reinforcement ratio are discussed in this paper. Then the relations between limiting displacement drifts and axial compression ratio, confining reinforcement characteristic values and the ratio of cover area to confined core area are analytically regressed. Subsequently the relations between confining reinforcement characteristic values and axial compression ratio, the limiting displacement drift, and the practical formula used to calculate confining reinforcement characteristic values are put forward. In the end the minimum confining reinforcement characteristic values in the dense hoop regions of high-strength concrete columns are presented by comparatively analysis, and compared with ones in the design code (GB 50010-2002, P. R. China).

关键词： horizontal cyclic longitudinal reinforcement design loading constant

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Optimization design of anti-seismic engineering measures for intake tower based on non-dominated sorting

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1428-1441 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0998-2

摘要： High-rise intake towers in high-intensity seismic areas are prone to structural safety problems under vibration. Therefore, effective and low-cost anti-seismic engineering measures must be designed for protection. An intake tower in northwest China was considered the research object, and its natural vibration characteristics and dynamic response were first analyzed using the mode decomposition response spectrum method based on a three-dimensional finite element model. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was adopted to optimize the anti-seismic scheme combination by comprehensively considering the dynamic tower response and variable project cost. Finally, the rationality of the original intake tower antiseismic design scheme was evaluated according to the obtained optimal solution set, and recommendations for improvement were proposed. The method adopted in this study may provide significant references for designing anti-seismic measures for high-rise structures such as intake towers located in high-intensity earthquake areas.

关键词： intake tower NSGA-II mode decomposition response spectrum method anti-seismic engineering measures optimization design variable project cost

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基于元胞自动机的多自主体人员行为模型及其在性能化设计中的应用

方伟峰,杨立中,黄锐

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 67-71

摘要：

目前性能化设计规范一个最主要的特点是从强调财产保护转变到强调生命安全保护，因此对建筑物内人员行为特征和运动规律的研究正越来越受到人们的重视。元胞自动机模型在交通流研究中的应用已经开展多年并取得了很多有用的成果，但涉及人的行为特征的研究往往十分复杂，在这方面利用自主体来研究具有较大的优势。给出的模型结合了这两方面各自的优势，是在元胞自动机交通流、行人流基本框架上建立起的多自主体人员行为模型，它对评估建筑物的设计方案具有很好的参考作用。

关键词：元胞自动机模型多自主体人员行为性能化设计

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Development of a seismic design method based on response spectra for building structures

ZHOU Xiyuan, YU Ruifang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0014-2

摘要： The assumption and problem of the mode-superposition response spectrum method in seismic design code is discussed based on a brief review of the development of the seismic design method for building structures. The scope of application for the classical damping theory is analyzed and the necessity of the research on mode-superposition method for non-classical damping is presented. The progresses on the mode superposition response spectrum theory are discussed. This includes: 1) the complex mode superposition method (in real form) for the non-classically damped linear system and the general calculation formula for the application of code; 2) the complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) method for the non-classically damped linear system, which is based on the same assumptions as in deducing the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method which is popularly used in seismic design codes of many countries; 3) the complex complete quadratic combination with three components (CCQC3) method, which is a generalization of the CCQC method to the case of multi-components and multiple-support seismic excitations and deducing corresponding method; 4) the approach for calculation of seismic response of the non-classically damped system with overcritical damping and the calculation method of seismic response for the linear system with multiple eigenvalues; 5) the time-dependent CCQC (t) algorithm considering nonstationary earthquake ground motion; 6) an applied and effective method to solve the low order complex vector basis for the large linear non-classically damped system, which can be expediently used in practice to avoid the unknown errors coming from the forced uncoupling method; 7) bringing forward the concept of partial quadratic combination in order to reduce the calculation amount of CQC and CCQC methods, and studying the primary estimation-criterion. The reasonability and applicable scope of these methods are also briefly discussed in this paper.

关键词： generalization classical damping mode-superposition response calculation formula damping theory